Celiac Disease Showing Up in Many Forms and at All Ages

“It’s nice to see more emphasis and greater study put toward celiac research. ”

— Dr. Dale

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/835567
By Janice Neumann

(Reuters Health) - A classical set of celiac disease symptoms no longer reflects the profile of most newly-diagnosed patients, according to a new study from Italy.

Instead, doctors should take other symptoms into account and consider the possibility of celiac disease, even when patients don't fit the old image of the condition, researchers say.

"It's been a gradual phenomenon since the 1970s that fewer people are presenting with the classical diarrhea and more with non-classical or silent presentation, both in adults and children," said Dr. Peter Green, who wasn't involved in the study.

"We don't actually know why one person has diarrhea and another presents with abdominal pain or osteoporosis," said Green, director of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University in New York.

Dr. Umberto Volta and his coauthors wrote November 18 online in the journal BMC Gastroenterology that just 15 years ago, celiac disease was still thought of mainly as a rare pediatric food intolerance, whose most common signs were diarrhea and intestinal damage.

Volta, a professor of medicine at the University of Bologna in Italy and vice president of the Ethical Committee at St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, and colleauges looked at the celiac patients diagnosed over the course of 15 years at that hospital.

The study involved 770 patients, 599 of them female, diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. Nearly half were diagnosed during the first 10 years of the study period and the rest in the last five years, indicating a steep rise in rates of diagnosis.

Among all the patients, 610 people, or 79%, had symptoms when they were diagnosed. But most of their problems were not the typical diarrhea and weight loss, but rather "non-classical" issues like bloating, osteoporosis and anemia. Diarrhea was a symptom in just 27%.

Indeed, classical symptoms became less common over the years, decreasing from 47% of patients during the first 10 years to 13% in the last five. Meanwhile, other problems, as well as a lack of any significant related illness, increased by more than 86%.

"The most striking change in clinical presentation of celiac disease over time has been the decrease of diarrhea as the leading symptom and the progressive increase of other non-classical gastrointestinal symptoms (such as constipation, bloating and alternate bowel habits as well as gastro-esophageal reflux, nausea, vomiting and dyspepsia)," Volta said in an e-mail to Reuters Health.

"A high proportion of celiac disease patients did not show any gastrointestinal symptom, but they displayed extra-intestinal manifestations such as iron-deficiency anemia, unexplained osteoporosis, abnormalities of liver-function tests and recurrent miscarriages," he said.

The most common illness associated with celiac was thyroid disease. Only half the patients had severe intestinal damage.

In later years, more patients were diagnosed with blood tests. That may be one factor accounting for the changing pattern of typical symptoms, Volta said, because the patients were diagnosed earlier.

"The effects of gluten weren't as severe yet," Volta said. "The story of celiac disease has been radically changed by the discovery celiac disease-related antibodies, which identify plenty of unsuspected cases."

Green agreed that testing has vastly improved diagnosis of the disease. He said that in the UK, anyone with iron deficiency or migraine is tested for celiac disease.

While most celiac specialists understand the varied symptoms, other physicians might not, he said. Green pointed out that in the United States, only 17% of people with the disease are actually diagnosed.

"Anyone can have celiac disease, it's common and underdiagnosed," said Green. "The message we want to get out is if you think you've got celiac disease, don't just go on a gluten-free diet, test for it."

Volta said he hoped the study reminded doctors about the many problems that can signal celiac disease.

"I hope doctors keep in mind that celiac disease is a very frequent food intolerance, which should be investigated not only in patients with diarrhea and overt malabsorption, but also in people (with other symptoms)," Volta said.

"The treatment by gluten-free diet improves the quality of life in symptomatic patients and prevents complications in all celiac disease patients including those without symptoms," he said.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/1ATNpT3

BMC Gastroenterol 2014.

7 Sneaky Reasons You're Bloated

As a stomach doctor, these are all true!  Also, I'd add "gluten" sensitivity as another major cause for bloating. -- Dr. Dale

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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/10/bloating_n_5439816.html?utm_hp_ref=healthy-living

The Huffington Post  | By Abigail Wise

It’s uncomfortable, gross and occasionally embarrassing, but bloating is something we all deal with at one point or another. Gassiness isn't just from gorging yourself at the last family meal. Bloating happens because your body can't break down gas, like it does the food you swallow. Sometimes even the digestive process itself creates gas right in your abdomen. If it's not released, air begins to build up in the stomach and intestines, which can make your belly feel like a balloon.

This type of abdominal discomfort can pop up at any time, last for hours and sometimes antacids and burping just don't quite do the trick. Can't seem to beat the bloat? Here are seven reasons that gas is gurgling in your gut.

You're stressed out.

When stress hits us hard, some of our bodies react by driving blood away from the usual digestive process, Dr. Anne Nedrow, M.D., told Health.com. As a result, you could end up with bloating, constipation, diarrhea or a plain old stomachache.

While stress itself could be to blame for bloating, the nervous habits that many of us pick up when we're anxious could also be the culprits, according to the Mayo Clinic. We chew gum, down carbonated drinks or even gulp air when we're nervous or feeling anxious. All of these habits push extra air into the stomach, which the body can't digest. This abdominal side effect is yet another reason to practice yoga, go for a run or do whatever it takes to de-stress.

Your medication is bringing on the bloat. Medications can come with a long, and sometimes nasty, list of possible side effects, including bloating. Meds that contain lactulose or sorbitol, or the diabetes medicine acarbose, are especially common culprits.

You ate too much.

Is that lump more than a food baby from your last big meal? An uncomfortable bubble in your belly could be gas trapped from eating too much in one sitting. Overeating is one of the most common causes of bloating. Research published in the International Journal of Obesity found that if you're binge eating, you're even more likely to encounter gassiness.

You chow down at superspeed. Stop gulping down your grub. Eating too quickly or drinking through a straw can result in swallowing bubbles of air along with your meal.

Plus, insufficient chewing can reduce your body's ability to digest carbs, nutritionist Monica Reinagel, M.S., LDN, CNS, tells The Huffington Post. This can create gas in the intestines, which makes you feel uncomfortable. Even if you're starved after a long day at the office, force yourself to chew thoroughly and take small sips before you swallow. This will help eliminate the air pockets that bloat your belly.

You're dehydrated. Just like crash diets cause the body go into starvation mode and cling to fat, your body begins to retain fluid when it's dehydrated, Marilyn Glenville, nutritional therapist, told Good Housekeeping. If you feel like you're retaining fluid, that probably means it's time to drink some more. Avoid carbonated drinks, which will likely exacerbate your problem. Instead, reach for herbal tea or a good old glass of water.

You're eating gassy foods.

Some foods are notorious for causing gas, Reinagel tells HuffPost. Cabbage, broccoli, kale, apples and avocados have all been known to cause bloating. Eating too much salt can also cause water retention, which can leave you feeling puffy. Plus, downing lots of fiber -- especially from supplements -- without drinking enough water is a fast track to a gassy gut. If you know the foods you're intolerant of -- dairy if you're lactose intolerant, for instance -- those might also be good to steer clear of if you're trying to break the bloat.

You have a chronic medical condition. Many disorders cause bloating, including celiac disease, dumping syndrome and even ovarian cancer. Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common. IBS affects the large intestine and causes food to be forced through the intestines faster than it should be, often resulting in gas and diarrhea. If you just can't seem to reduce your bloating, visit your doctor. Symptoms of many disorders can improve dramatically as people learn to control their condition.

Celiac!

Friends, please come see me if you think you have celiac disease.  There's a whole healthy life ahead of you! I got you,

- Dr. Dale

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Celiac Disease Linked to Almost Doubled Risk of CAD

Marlene Busko

March 29, 2014

WASHINGTON, DC — Compared with the general population, individuals with celiac disease were almost twice as likely to have CAD, according to a large retrospective study presented here today at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) 2014 Scientific Sessions ^[1]. Even patients younger than aged 65 years were at higher risk.

Celiac disease—a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive system that can damage the small intestine—was also linked with a 1.4-fold greater risk of stroke.

The study highlights a specific patient population that might be at higher risk of CAD, even in the absence of traditional CV risk factors, said coinvestigator Dr Rama Dilip Gajulapalli (Cleveland Clinic, OH). "Primary-care physicians, gastroenterologists, and [other] healthcare practitioners need to be mindful of their celiac patients; they have to be on the watch for probable cardiac diseases," he said during a press briefing.

The possible mechanism for the heightened risk may be related to chronic inflammation. "People with celiac disease have some persistent low-grade inflammation in the gut that can spill immune mediators into the bloodstream, which can then accelerate the process of atherosclerosis and, in turn, CAD," Gajulapalli explained in a statement. "Our findings reinforce the idea that chronic inflammation, whether it's from an infection or a disease, can have an adverse role in CAD and heart health in general."

"These data remind us that other inflammatory states like lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease have also been linked to CAD, so perhaps we can add celiac disease to this list," echoed moderator Dr Jeffrey Kuvin(Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA).

Celiac Disease on the Rise

Dr Rama Dilip Gajulapalli

Celiac disease affects an estimated one in 133 Americans, according to an ACC statement. However, more than 80% of people with the disease may be undiagnosed or wrongly diagnosed with, for example, lactose intolerance or irritable bowel syndrome. The disease is four times more common now than 50 years ago, and the only treatment is a gluten-free diet.

Celiac disease has been linked to arrhythmias and possible heart failure, so investigators hypothesized the disease is also associated with CAD.

They examined electronic health records of patients from 13 healthcare systems seen between January 1999 and September 2013. From nearly 22.4 million patients, they identified 24 530 diagnosed with celiac disease. The remaining patients served as controls.

The prevalence of CAD was significantly higher in all patients—as well as younger and older patients—with celiac disease than controls.

Prevalence of CAD in Patients With Celiac Disease

Age group	CAD prevalence (%),patients with celiac disease(n=24 530)	CAD prevalence (%), patients without celiac disease (n= 22 360 810)	p
All ages (>18 y)	9.5	5.6	<0.0001
>65 y	28.6	13.2	<0.0001
18–65	4.5	2.4	<0.0001

"This is an important study because it highlights a specific patient population who might be at higher risk for CAD, even in the absence of traditional CV risk factors," Gajulapalli said. "We were surprised by the strength of the association, especially in younger people. Patients and doctors should be aware of this association."

Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings, however. Future research should also investigate whether the larger population with gluten sensitivity may also be at increased risk of CAD.

Full results from this study are being presented during ACC 2014 but were released early via a special preconference press briefing, focused on consumer-interest news.

References

1. Gajulapalli RD, Pattanshetty DJ. Coronary artery disease prevalence is higher among celiac disease patients. Presented Saturday, March 29 at 1:30 p.m. EDT. American College of Cardiology 2014 Scientific Sessions ; March 29, 2014; Washington, DC. Abstract 1152-247