Screening Methods for Colon Cancer: From Stool Tests to Colonoscopy

Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, but it is also one of the most preventable and treatable, especially when detected early. Screening plays a crucial role in detecting colon cancer before symptoms appear, when treatment is most effective. In this blog post, we'll discuss the various screening methods available for colon cancer, from simple stool tests to colonoscopy.

Why is Colon Cancer Screening Important?

Colon cancer often starts as a small growth called a polyp on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, some polyps can turn into cancer if not removed. Screening tests can help detect polyps so they can be removed before they turn into cancer, or can detect colon cancer early when it is most treatable.

The American Cancer Society recommends that adults at average risk of colon cancer begin screening at age 45. Those with a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors may need to start screening earlier or have more frequent tests.

Stool-Based Tests

Stool-based tests are non-invasive screening methods that look for signs of colon cancer in a person's stool. There are three main types of stool-based tests:

  1. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT): This test uses antibodies to detect blood in the stool, which can be a sign of colon cancer or polyps. The test is done annually and requires no special diet or preparation.

  2. Guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT): This test uses a chemical to detect blood in the stool. Like the FIT, it is done annually but requires some dietary and medication restrictions before the test.

  3. Stool DNA test (Cologuard): This test looks for both blood and certain DNA markers in the stool that can indicate the presence of colon cancer or polyps. It is done every three years and requires no special diet or preparation.

If any of these tests come back positive, a colonoscopy will be needed to confirm the diagnosis and remove any polyps or cancerous growths.

Visual Exams

Visual exams are screening methods that allow a doctor to directly examine the colon and rectum for any abnormalities. The two main types of visual exams are:

  1. Colonoscopy: This is the most comprehensive screening method for colon cancer. During a colonoscopy, a doctor uses a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end to examine the entire colon and rectum. Any polyps or abnormal growths can be removed during the procedure. Colonoscopy is typically recommended every 10 years for those at average risk.

  2. Flexible sigmoidoscopy: This test is similar to a colonoscopy but only examines the lower third of the colon. It is typically done every 5 years, along with an annual FIT.

Both of these tests require some preparation, including a special diet and bowel cleansing before the procedure.

CT Colonography

CT colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is a newer screening method that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the colon and rectum. Like a traditional colonoscopy, it requires bowel cleansing beforehand. However, it does not require sedation and is less invasive than a colonoscopy.

CT colonography is typically recommended every 5 years for those at average risk. If any abnormalities are found, a traditional colonoscopy will be needed to confirm the diagnosis and remove any polyps or cancerous growths.

Which Screening Method is Right for You?

The best screening method for you will depend on your individual risk factors, preferences, and medical history. Your healthcare provider can help you weigh the pros and cons of each method and determine which one is most appropriate for you.

Regardless of which screening method you choose, the most important thing is to get screened regularly. Colon cancer is highly preventable and treatable when caught early, so don't delay in getting your recommended screenings.

DON'T WAIT TO SCHEDULE YOUR COLON CANCER SCREENING

If you're 45 or older or have a family history of colon cancer, don't wait to schedule your colon cancer screening. Early detection is key to preventing and treating this disease.

Contact me today to discuss your colon cancer risk and schedule your screening appointment. Together, we can create a personalized screening plan that works for you and helps ensure your long-term colon health.